Auto-loads typical SFM and chip load for HSS / carbide
mm — end mill diameter
m/min — auto-set by material; override if needed
mm/tooth — feed per tooth
mm — depth of cut
mm — width of cut
SPINDLE SPEED
RPM
FEED RATE
mm/min
MRR
Cutting force (Fc est.)
Spindle power (kW)
Spindle power (HP)
n (RPM) = 1000 × Vc / (π × D)
Vf (mm/min) = n × Z × fz
MRR (cm³/min) = ap × ae × Vf / 1000
P (kW) = MRR × Kc / 60000

Typical surface speed reference (Vc, m/min)

MaterialHSSCarbideCoated carbideTypical fz (mm)
Aluminium 6061 / 7075120–180400–700500–10000.05–0.15
Brass / bronze60–90150–300200–4000.05–0.12
Cast iron — gray20–3580–150120–2000.10–0.20
Mild steel (1018, EN8)25–35100–180150–2800.05–0.15
Alloy steel (4140, EN24)15–2580–120120–2000.05–0.12
Stainless 30415–2560–100100–1800.04–0.10
Stainless 31612–2050–9080–1500.04–0.10
Titanium Ti-6Al-4V8–1530–6050–1000.03–0.08